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Types of hydrogen

Green

Process: Electrolysis 

Energy source: Renewable energy

Carbon footprint: 0 tCO2/tH2

Grey

Process: Steam reforming 

Energy source: Methane gas

Carbon footprint: 9-10

0 tCO2/tH2

Turquoise 

Process: Pirolisi

Energy source: Renewable 

Carbon footprint: 0 tCO2/tH2

Brown

Process: Gasification

Energy source: Carbon

Carbon footprint: 18-20

0 tCO2/tH2

Blue

Process: Steam reforming or gasification with CCUS 

Energy source: Methane gas Carbon

Carbon footprint: from 1 to > 6 

0 tCO2/tH2

Blue Hydrogen

Grey Hydrogen

The production of blue hydrogen involves the installation of a Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) plant in Steam Methane Reforming or coal gasification processes, which occurs at temperatures of approximately 700°C. Despite being an interesting alternative to green hydrogen, this method is not able to capture all CO2 emissions.

Green Hydrogen

Green hydrogen is obtained through the splitting of water via electrolysis, using electricity from renewable energy sources, and produces no CO2 emissions during the process or its use. When used in a fuel cell, the only byproduct produced is pure water, used to produce the hydrogen itself. Although it is considered a completely eco-friendly process, green hydrogen production requires significant structural investments due to the high amount of energy required.

Idrogeno

Currently, grey hydrogen production represents the most common method to produce hydrogen. It is produced from fossil fuels, often using the Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) method, which involves the production and release of CO2 into the atmosphere. Although less harmful to the environment than black or brown hydrogen, the grey hydrogen production process produces more emissions than the  green hydrogen.

Brown Hydrogen

On the other hand, brown hydrogen production through coal gasification is a well-developed and established process, used for many years in the chemical and fertilizer industries to produce ammonia. This highly polluting process takes place at high temperatures (over 700-800°C), in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as oxygen or steam, in sub-stoichiometric percentages.

Advbeca

Info from Business Plan 

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